Sa`id Zibākalām دانشیار فلسفه دانشگاه تهران author text article 2008 per It is generally supposed that from the beginning of his inquiries, Newton applied a special method in his scholarly researches on the nature and his two influential works, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Optics, are the product of applying such a method. However, Einstein has warned us that if want to know the physicists' methods, we should pay attention to their actions not to their speeches. Keeping his warning in view, the author firstly attempts to evaluate Newton's scientific methodology appeared in the different editions of his Optics. Secondly, he tries to present what Newton has done in reality, which divulges the contradictions between what he has expressed and what he has done, and which reveals that there weren't any set of methodological principles in the beginning University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 3 36 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_150_44e80134c739dda8a4baf1e4d268921d.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.150 Hossein Kachooyan دانشیار دانشگاه تهران author Majid Foolādiān دانشجوی فلسفه غرب دانشگاه تهران author text article 2008 per Examining his works, the paper is an attempt to analyze Karl Raimund Popper's views on the philosophy of social science. It first presents briefly his life, concerns and problems as well as introduces those great men who influenced on his opinions, such as Socrates, Kant, Hayek, etc. Next, it explains Popper's opinion on the single method in the natural and social sciences. Still next, it offers Popper's criticism on inductivists. Then, it propounds the suggested solutions and mentions their faults. The author tries to discuss Popper's philosophical problems in detail and present them in a clear way. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 37 66 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_155_618ca75a7a64a8809a0f8233ae7b9e2c.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.155 Reza Akbarian دانشیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس author Simā Muhamadpour Dehkordi دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه آزاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات author text article 2008 per In the exposition of man's reality and the interpretation of mutual relation of soul and body, today's human beings are no less astonishment than those in the age of Plato. In the present age, although there has been provided the background of scientific research, the materialistic tendencies are found more than before. The main reasons of such a thing are the inadequacy of philosophical concepts and the failure of suggested arguments. Mulla Sadra's views on the reality of man as well as the journey of the soul from being corporeal in origination to being spiritual in subsistence are more consistent with what is propounded in the domain of philosophy of mind, and thus they are more useful in solving different problems. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 65 88 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_158_19cf6553c67c23554c06cf8c332c6de3.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.158 Sayyid Ali Asghar Mirbāqerifard دانشیار ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه اصفهان author Hossein Āqahosseini دانشیار ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه اصفهان author Mahdi Reza'i دانشجوی دکتری رشته ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه اصفهان author text article 2008 per Grief, from the beginning, has been among themes which have seen some stages and developments. The first causes of emerging grief are the Koranic verses and the prophetic Hadiths concerning the other-worldly punishment, with which Muslims are intimidated. Foremost, grief was the spiritual and inner reaction of the Prophet Muhammad's Companions Known as 'the weepers'. During the first century, such a thing was considered more and more as a result of political and social crises; subsequently, the concept of grief as a spiritual heritage transmitted from the early devouts to the Muslim mystics. When this concept was discussed by the Muslim mystics, they affirmed some degrees for it as well as described its inner causes including fear, contraction and awe. The present article deals with such factors and its developments   University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 89 112 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_160_e4afb3af165914b188cee3750c06ad67.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.160 Mahin Chenāri استادیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه قم author text article 2008 per Today, phenomenology, hermeneutical phenomenology, and philosophical hermeneutics are increasingly considered as methodologies of research. However, there are some obscurities ambiguities in certain aspects of these methodologies. Examining the philosophical foundations of the above-mentioned methodologies, the present paper deals with the main similarities and differences of them; and finally, it highlights the differences of these approaches from a methodological viewpoint. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 113 138 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_162_c9da72fc6d6a9ab1a5824a6e894d4e61.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.162 Farah Rāmin دانشیار دانشگاه قم author text article 2008 per Big Bang theory is a theory in cosmology from which scientistic deists have inferred theistic conclusions. The author examines the above-mentioned theory and the rival theories and tries to explicate the influence of this theory on the theological arguments. Presupposing that one should avoid drawing theological conclusions from the scientific theories, the author holds that the flash-like progresses in the two sciences of physics and cosmology in the 20th century have enforced the spiritual attitude to the world, so that this century has been a successful period in respect of connection between the religious propositions and the scientific ones. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 139 152 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_176_01600a85921ec7fbf4888db8bcb61ca4.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.176 Ebrahim Noo'i عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک author text article 2008 per Although the climate of dialogues between Abu Sa`id and Avicenna on Logic is foggy -- and there are doubts on the meeting of these two great men, which demands more studies-- what is more important is to pay attention to the content of the dialogues. In other words, it is worthy of more attention to discuss on Abu Sa`id's questions and Avicenna's oral or written responses as well as the latter thinkers' approaches. Therefore the author in this paper seeks to deals with the above-mentioned points, particularly with six suggested answers and to show that some of those are correct but some others, incorrect. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 153 188 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_177_949a1fa3bac122365adb0e0bc1c8183e.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.177 Abolfazl Mahmoodi استادیار گروه ادیان و عرفان تطبیقی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران author text article 2008 per Schools of thought or darsanas of Hindu philosophy can be classified into two groups: theistic systems and non-theistic ones. For example, the two Nyaya and Vedanta schools are among the theistic systems, which have given arguments to prove the existence of God. Some of these arguments are corresponding to the Islamic and Western arguments for the existence of God, while some others have been presented concerning the Hindu doctrines and culture. At the same time, these arguments have been attacked and rejected by rival schools, some of which are considered as the theistic schools. The present paper is going to enumerate the most important arguments as well as their related criticisms and to draw an outline of the discussions for the Persian-language readers rather than to deal with a detailed examination, or to involve in the rejection or acceptance of the proofs. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 189 208 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_178_d4649204d0a1553fa6a80c0f480532cc.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.178 Abdullah Nikseerat عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز author text article 2008 per   Referring briefly to the appearance of the Greek word 'Logos', this article presents the different senses of the term 'Logos' as used in Greek, Jewish and Christian philosophy and theology as well as by those thinkers at the contemporary times. In Greek usage, it means 'word', 'speech', and 'reason'. In Jewish theologians' employment, in particular Philo, the Logos figuratively means 'prophet', 'apostle'. And in Christian theology, it refers to 'the word' of God incarnate in Jesus, and often identified with the 'second person' of the Trinity. Finally in the contemporary age, Logos has different meanings: Hegel used it in the meaning of 'spirit'; in Derrida's usage it denotes 'writing'; and in Tillich's, 'manifestation of God '. University of Qom 1735-9791 9 v. 2 no. 2008 209 225 http://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_179_1b399efe89c83a7dc66a87b6ef476ec7.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22091/pfk.2007.179