<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE ArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMed 2.7//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/in/PubMed.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>دانشگاه قم</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>پژوهش‌های فلسفی -کلامی</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>1735-9791</Issn>
				<Volume>27</Volume>
				<Issue>3</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>08</Month>
					<Day>23</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Clocks, Time and Omniscience</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>Clocks, Time and Omniscience</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>5</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>20</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">3793</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22091/jptr.2025.12544.3267</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>Russell</FirstName>
					<LastName>Belding</LastName>
<Affiliation>Management, Belding Computing Devices Ltd, New Zealand</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0009-0001-9978-4209</Identifier>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>03</Month>
					<Day>15</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>I suggest there is no such thing as “time itself.” I use this term in the same sense that philosophers of time use it. One has said, “It is important not to confuse the actual physical clock that measures time with time itself, ….” This paper is speculative, since if a time-detecting device should be found, my case would be defeated.  I suggest that clocks define time.Early Christian theologians such as Augustine and Boethius, drawing from Platonists, particularly Plato and Plotinus, have argued that God is omniscient.  Augustine relied on a belief that God made time and saw everything simultaneously. Boethius had a similar view of God’s eternality. Insofar as a case for God’s omniscience depends on this view of his eternality, then God is not omniscient. I suggest several reasons why some think God is omniscient and argue that they are not correct; I base this view on Scripture and other philosophical considerations. All biblical references are from the Revised Standard Version, Second Edition, 1971.&lt;br /&gt; </Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">I suggest there is no such thing as “time itself.” I use this term in the same sense that philosophers of time use it. One has said, “It is important not to confuse the actual physical clock that measures time with time itself, ….” This paper is speculative, since if a time-detecting device should be found, my case would be defeated.  I suggest that clocks define time.Early Christian theologians such as Augustine and Boethius, drawing from Platonists, particularly Plato and Plotinus, have argued that God is omniscient.  Augustine relied on a belief that God made time and saw everything simultaneously. Boethius had a similar view of God’s eternality. Insofar as a case for God’s omniscience depends on this view of his eternality, then God is not omniscient. I suggest several reasons why some think God is omniscient and argue that they are not correct; I base this view on Scripture and other philosophical considerations. All biblical references are from the Revised Standard Version, Second Edition, 1971.&lt;br /&gt; </OtherAbstract>
		<ObjectList>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">philosophy of time</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">Omniscience</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">eternity</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">clock</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">Augustine</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">Boethius</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">divine foreknowledge</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">theological fatalism</Param>
			</Object>
		</ObjectList>
<ArchiveCopySource DocType="pdf">https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_3793_1a91d9707208487540eda6880e524516.pdf</ArchiveCopySource>
</Article>
</ArticleSet>
