University of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522A New Plan for the content of the English Textbooks for the students of
Philosophy and TheologyA New Plan for the content of the English Textbooks for the students of
Philosophy and Theology13115021310.22091/pfk.2009.213FAMohammadAfzali ShahriJournal Article20150815Nowadays learning a new language is attractive among the youth and the
adolescence. It is proved that language and culture are interwoven and culture is
manifested through the language. This effect is doubled when the textbooks are
scientifically and beautifully prepared; therefore, we should take into our
consideration the negative points of such a transfer. On the other hand, we can
assume that on the basis of the rich teachings of the verses of the holy Qur’an and
language. It seems a good strategy to provide the students of Philosophy and
Theology with the necessary equipment to cope not only with the side effects of
learning a new language but also with their religious missions and duties: spreading
the Islamic thoughts and teachings all over the world via preparing attractive books
containing materials and events taken from our own culture and religion.
Nowadays learning a new language is attractive among the youth and the
adolescence. It is proved that language and culture are interwoven and culture is
manifested through the language. This effect is doubled when the textbooks are
scientifically and beautifully prepared; therefore, we should take into our
consideration the negative points of such a transfer. On the other hand, we can
assume that on the basis of the rich teachings of the verses of the holy Qur’an and
language. It seems a good strategy to provide the students of Philosophy and
Theology with the necessary equipment to cope not only with the side effects of
learning a new language but also with their religious missions and duties: spreading
the Islamic thoughts and teachings all over the world via preparing attractive books
containing materials and events taken from our own culture and religion.
https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_213_6916a259828d0448e3ea86825205588e.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522Ethics of Motherhood in Islam and FeminismEthics of Motherhood in Islam and Feminism15118321410.22091/pfk.2009.214FAAqdasYazdiJournal Article20150815Given the purposefulness of biological differences between men and women, one
can say that the perfection of women is accomplished through moving in the
framework of her natural characteristics. Within feminism, a movement emerged in
the west parallel to the industrial revolution, some holds that motherhood is a factor
of being lower and a means to curb women. These feminists seek new ways to prove
the superiority of female characters as well as to present general moral procedures
for the whole society. They try to make the kindly well-intentioned relationship
between mother and child a pattern for social relations. In Islam, however,
motherhood is a sublime position which necessitates the adornment of certain
virtues such as fear of God, chastity, patience, and self-sacrifice; the reason is that
mothers are the first teachers of humans and the most important agent of
transmitting values to next generations.
Given the purposefulness of biological differences between men and women, one
can say that the perfection of women is accomplished through moving in the
framework of her natural characteristics. Within feminism, a movement emerged in
the west parallel to the industrial revolution, some holds that motherhood is a factor
of being lower and a means to curb women. These feminists seek new ways to prove
the superiority of female characters as well as to present general moral procedures
for the whole society. They try to make the kindly well-intentioned relationship
between mother and child a pattern for social relations. In Islam, however,
motherhood is a sublime position which necessitates the adornment of certain
virtues such as fear of God, chastity, patience, and self-sacrifice; the reason is that
mothers are the first teachers of humans and the most important agent of
transmitting values to next generations.
https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_214_543fcb613f1d18ba31ca82d9f021a8c0.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522Principles and Issues of Luciano Floridi’s Philosophy of InformationPrinciples and Issues of Luciano Floridi’s Philosophy of Information53920810.22091/pfk.2009.208FAMohammadKhandnGholmrezaFedyeeJournal Article20150815“Philosophy of Information” is an appellation coined by Luciano Floridi, the <br />contemporary Italian philosopher, to refer to a new field in the philosophical studies. <br />Philosophy of Information which is among ‘the philosophies of’ enjoys both <br />phenomenological aspect and metatheoritical aspect. Philosophy of Information (PI) <br />concerned with the critical investigation of the conceptual nature and basic <br />principles of information including dynamics of information and application of <br />sciences relevant to information; it also deals with the elaboration and application of <br />information-theoretic and computational methodologies to philosophical problems. <br />The essay ahead, initially presents the historical development of emerging <br />Philosophy of Information in the history of western thought; then it explains 18 <br />issues of this theoretical area. <br /> “Philosophy of Information” is an appellation coined by Luciano Floridi, the <br />contemporary Italian philosopher, to refer to a new field in the philosophical studies. <br />Philosophy of Information which is among ‘the philosophies of’ enjoys both <br />phenomenological aspect and metatheoritical aspect. Philosophy of Information (PI) <br />concerned with the critical investigation of the conceptual nature and basic <br />principles of information including dynamics of information and application of <br />sciences relevant to information; it also deals with the elaboration and application of <br />information-theoretic and computational methodologies to philosophical problems. <br />The essay ahead, initially presents the historical development of emerging <br />Philosophy of Information in the history of western thought; then it explains 18 <br />issues of this theoretical area. <br /> https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_208_f4e3784df8f0f3dd38e769c885fc8a95.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522The Paradox of the Determination of BoundThe Paradox of the Determination of Bound416020910.22091/pfk.2009.209FAMohammad RezaAbdollhnejdAbdollhNasri0009-0005-0285-491XJournal Article20150815Based on the description of the real structure of our conception of the world, P. F. <br />Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics, similar to Kant’s empirical Realism, deals with <br />determining the limitations of empirical knowledge of the world. In this case, Kant’s <br />transcendental Idealism seems to be an incoherent doctrine which can yield a <br />skepticism which the critical philosophy seeks to solve. Strawson rejects Kant’s <br />Transcendental Idealism in that it considers two limits, which leads to the paradox of <br />delimitation. Yet, the question is: Can Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics depict the <br />limitations of our knowledge without considering both limits? It seems that he has <br />adopted a language that chains us to some metaphysical constraint, which is opposed <br />to the sketch of the descriptive metaphysics. Thus, he is engaged in the same <br />paradox which he discovered in Kant. It seems that thinking on the limit is <br />essentially paradoxical; so skepticism can not be solved by appealing to it. <br /> Based on the description of the real structure of our conception of the world, P. F. <br />Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics, similar to Kant’s empirical Realism, deals with <br />determining the limitations of empirical knowledge of the world. In this case, Kant’s <br />transcendental Idealism seems to be an incoherent doctrine which can yield a <br />skepticism which the critical philosophy seeks to solve. Strawson rejects Kant’s <br />Transcendental Idealism in that it considers two limits, which leads to the paradox of <br />delimitation. Yet, the question is: Can Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics depict the <br />limitations of our knowledge without considering both limits? It seems that he has <br />adopted a language that chains us to some metaphysical constraint, which is opposed <br />to the sketch of the descriptive metaphysics. Thus, he is engaged in the same <br />paradox which he discovered in Kant. It seems that thinking on the limit is <br />essentially paradoxical; so skepticism can not be solved by appealing to it. <br /> https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_209_af6a0cb89a7ffe14ecc59edddebaf405.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522Criticism of Finnis’s Natural Law TheoryCriticism of Finnis’s Natural Law Theory617421010.22091/pfk.2009.210FAMohammad HoseinTlebiJournal Article20150815During many centuries, “Natural Law” doctrine has been interpreted in different <br />ways; so there have been propounded various theories which trace back to the <br />ancient Greek age, and which today play a central role in the domains of social <br />sciences. One theory as regards the natural law is Aquinas’s theory of natural law; <br />and a recent popular explication of Aquinas’s position is John Finnis’s <br />interpretation. According to Finnis, an action is wise only when it is done to gain <br />one of the basic goods. These goods, on Finnis’s view, are: life, knowledge, skilled <br />performance, play, friendship, marriage, practical reasonableness, and religion. Each <br />of these goods is self-evident, intrinsic, independent of each other, having equal <br />value, and non-based on facts. The essay firstly explains Finnis’s natural- law <br />theory; and then, based on the doctrines of Islamic Transcendent Theosophy, it <br />offers a criticism of Finnis’s theory. <br /> During many centuries, “Natural Law” doctrine has been interpreted in different <br />ways; so there have been propounded various theories which trace back to the <br />ancient Greek age, and which today play a central role in the domains of social <br />sciences. One theory as regards the natural law is Aquinas’s theory of natural law; <br />and a recent popular explication of Aquinas’s position is John Finnis’s <br />interpretation. According to Finnis, an action is wise only when it is done to gain <br />one of the basic goods. These goods, on Finnis’s view, are: life, knowledge, skilled <br />performance, play, friendship, marriage, practical reasonableness, and religion. Each <br />of these goods is self-evident, intrinsic, independent of each other, having equal <br />value, and non-based on facts. The essay firstly explains Finnis’s natural- law <br />theory; and then, based on the doctrines of Islamic Transcendent Theosophy, it <br />offers a criticism of Finnis’s theory. <br /> https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_210_725c0f5e93e2fdbbb980101d5810e8cb.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522The Argument of the Truthful and Particular Unity of Existence
in Transcendent TheosophyThe Argument of the Truthful and Particular Unity of Existence
in Transcendent Theosophy7510021110.22091/pfk.2009.211FAQobdMohammadi SheikhiAhmadAbediJournal Article20150815God has always been one of the most important intellectual concerns of human <br />beings. To know, to prove and to believe in God, human beings have paid attention <br />to at least two ways: Mysticism and Philosophy. In the framework of these two <br />intellectual disciplines, there have been presented different theistic arguments, one <br />of which is the Argument of the Truthful. In time, such proof has received several <br />expositions. Utilizing the most prominent experts of Transcendent Theosophy, the <br />essay describes in detail the self-evidence of existence; then, it presents a profound <br />analysis of the cause and effect, so that the essay refers the principle of causality to <br />the divine self-manifestation, that is to say, the relation between the Lord of <br />manifestations and His manifestations. And at the end, it offers five new expositions <br />of particular unity of existence. <br /> God has always been one of the most important intellectual concerns of human <br />beings. To know, to prove and to believe in God, human beings have paid attention <br />to at least two ways: Mysticism and Philosophy. In the framework of these two <br />intellectual disciplines, there have been presented different theistic arguments, one <br />of which is the Argument of the Truthful. In time, such proof has received several <br />expositions. Utilizing the most prominent experts of Transcendent Theosophy, the <br />essay describes in detail the self-evidence of existence; then, it presents a profound <br />analysis of the cause and effect, so that the essay refers the principle of causality to <br />the divine self-manifestation, that is to say, the relation between the Lord of <br />manifestations and His manifestations. And at the end, it offers five new expositions <br />of particular unity of existence. <br /> https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_211_03b5515224cab2adca3e75ee82f73028.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522Schimmel and IslamSchimmel and Islam10113021210.22091/pfk.2009.212FAShahinA`vniJournal Article20150815Orientalism and Islamology in the acadmic spheres of the world have always <br />encountered by different reactions of the East. Some consider the scholars of such <br />disciplines as the political collaborators of their respective governments in pursuing <br />colonial purposes. Some others regard the Orientalists as adversaries. Still others, <br />including Annemari Schimmel, believe that the East and the west are inseparable. <br />This paper in the first place recognizes three kinds of approaches in Orientalism: the <br />first approach to the East is based on such books as “the Arabian Nights”; the <br />second approach is through the study of theology and Abrahamic religions, and the <br />third one is conjoined with absorption and love, which is adopted by Schimmel. <br />Then, it proceeds to introduce her approach to Islam and the features o her Islamic <br />studies. <br /> Orientalism and Islamology in the acadmic spheres of the world have always <br />encountered by different reactions of the East. Some consider the scholars of such <br />disciplines as the political collaborators of their respective governments in pursuing <br />colonial purposes. Some others regard the Orientalists as adversaries. Still others, <br />including Annemari Schimmel, believe that the East and the west are inseparable. <br />This paper in the first place recognizes three kinds of approaches in Orientalism: the <br />first approach to the East is based on such books as “the Arabian Nights”; the <br />second approach is through the study of theology and Abrahamic religions, and the <br />third one is conjoined with absorption and love, which is adopted by Schimmel. <br />Then, it proceeds to introduce her approach to Islam and the features o her Islamic <br />studies. <br /> https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_212_5ed00558b05530f7d120560db601e8e5.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522A Reflection on the Methodology of MetaphysicsA Reflection on the Methodology of Metaphysics18520321510.22091/pfk.2009.215FAAbbsIzadpanh0009-0002-2885-1475Journal Article20150815The present essay is an attempt to open a window to the ideal methodology of
ontological metaphysics and metaphysics in its philosophical sense. Thus, the essay
initially holds out its historical development in western and Islamic thought;
inasmuch as the historical development includes the interaction between
metaphysics and science, it mentions in brief such a connection. Then, it attempts to
explicate the principles and pillars of a comprehensive methodology of Metaphysics.
The present essay is an attempt to open a window to the ideal methodology of
ontological metaphysics and metaphysics in its philosophical sense. Thus, the essay
initially holds out its historical development in western and Islamic thought;
inasmuch as the historical development includes the interaction between
metaphysics and science, it mentions in brief such a connection. Then, it attempts to
explicate the principles and pillars of a comprehensive methodology of Metaphysics.
https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_215_4d105526de7ece2b8577069edc2d6514.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522The Relation between “Potentiality and Actuality”
and “Absolute Existent” in Transcendent TheosophyThe Relation between “Potentiality and Actuality”
and “Absolute Existent” in Transcendent Theosophy20522221610.22091/pfk.2009.216FAJamshidSadriJournal Article20150815“Potentiality and actuality” is among the qualities of the absolute existent, which is
the subject of First Philosophy. An existent is “potential” with respect to the
actuality it can possess, though it is an “actual existent” by attention to the actuality
it now possesses. It should be mentioned that potentiality is an existential thing,
however a weak existence which is distinguished from nonexistence. The present
essay initially deals with the question how ‘potentiality and actuality’ entered First
Philosophy. Then it proceeds to analyze the relation between such an issue and the
subject of first philosophy as well as the how of application of existence to it. And
finally, the paper propounds some dubious things and then responds to them.
“Potentiality and actuality” is among the qualities of the absolute existent, which is
the subject of First Philosophy. An existent is “potential” with respect to the
actuality it can possess, though it is an “actual existent” by attention to the actuality
it now possesses. It should be mentioned that potentiality is an existential thing,
however a weak existence which is distinguished from nonexistence. The present
essay initially deals with the question how ‘potentiality and actuality’ entered First
Philosophy. Then it proceeds to analyze the relation between such an issue and the
subject of first philosophy as well as the how of application of existence to it. And
finally, the paper propounds some dubious things and then responds to them.
https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_216_116cb6b233c5cc63e35ce26cea814885.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522Religious Experience from James’s StandpointReligious Experience from James’s Standpoint22324921710.22091/pfk.2009.217FAKeivnBolandhemmatnMir Abd Ol-HoseinNaqibzdehJournal Article20150815Pragmatism is, most importantly, an “approach” that evaluates theories or beliefs in
terms of the success of their practical application. So it emphasizes on resorting to
experience, whether in the sense of ‘process’ or in the sense of “product”. Form this
viewpoint, the concept of experience in James’ pragmatic thought finds a special
significance so that the whole of his thought can be referred to it as well as be
understood upon it. Such a point is also true in regard to his view of ‘religion’.
James seeks to explore religion within human life, actions and experiences, so he
has used the expression “religious experience”. For the sense meant by James has
not stated clearly, the present writing attempts to elucidate it in different relations
and aspects.
Pragmatism is, most importantly, an “approach” that evaluates theories or beliefs in
terms of the success of their practical application. So it emphasizes on resorting to
experience, whether in the sense of ‘process’ or in the sense of “product”. Form this
viewpoint, the concept of experience in James’ pragmatic thought finds a special
significance so that the whole of his thought can be referred to it as well as be
understood upon it. Such a point is also true in regard to his view of ‘religion’.
James seeks to explore religion within human life, actions and experiences, so he
has used the expression “religious experience”. For the sense meant by James has
not stated clearly, the present writing attempts to elucidate it in different relations
and aspects.
https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_217_0f4885a97bc9ca8c1fbc6ea3637e5fba.pdfUniversity of QomJournal of Philosophical Theological Research1735-979110320090522The Function of Reason in Knowledge from Majlesi’s ViewpointThe Function of Reason in Knowledge from Majlesi’s Viewpoint25127321810.22091/pfk.2009.218FAHeydarNoor Od-dinJournal Article20150815Among the major current discussions is the discussion about the status of reason in
cognition, the scope of its validity in the acquisition of religious doctrines and rules,
negatively or affirmatively. In certain stage of Islamic thought history, such a
concept came to be a criterion in acceptance or rejection of thoughts and ideas. It is
said that the validity of reason was rejected by Hadith scholars, among whom is
Allameh Majlesi, and as a result, the emphasis was focused upon the Infallible’s
words and traditions. The present essay is going to analyze Allameh Majlesi’s
words, which is claimed that they indicate denial of the validity of reason. In the
light of such an analysis, it makes clear the role of reason in the acquisition of
knowledge as well as the value of rational judgments.
Among the major current discussions is the discussion about the status of reason in
cognition, the scope of its validity in the acquisition of religious doctrines and rules,
negatively or affirmatively. In certain stage of Islamic thought history, such a
concept came to be a criterion in acceptance or rejection of thoughts and ideas. It is
said that the validity of reason was rejected by Hadith scholars, among whom is
Allameh Majlesi, and as a result, the emphasis was focused upon the Infallible’s
words and traditions. The present essay is going to analyze Allameh Majlesi’s
words, which is claimed that they indicate denial of the validity of reason. In the
light of such an analysis, it makes clear the role of reason in the acquisition of
knowledge as well as the value of rational judgments.
https://pfk.qom.ac.ir/article_218_47ed5ed7db0b44d3a46994d6c42e80e1.pdf