Concomitance Syllogism in The Holy Quran

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Bu-Ali Sina University

Abstract

The syllogism that its major premise is a conjunctive proposition is called concomitance syllogism. This sort of syllogism is valid in two forms of "affirming the antecedent" and "denying the consequent", and is invalid in all others forms. The concomitance syllogism have several modes in Holy Quran: In some cases the conditions of the syllogism are fully observed but because of clarity their preliminaries or their results have not been presented, and the syllogism is idiomatically shortened. But in some other cases it seems the conditions for the concomitance syllogism have not been regarded and "denying the antecedent" and "affirming the consequent" are used for the conclusion.
In this research, some of the most important syllogisms in Holy Quran are reviewed and in cases where it seems that the conditions of the syllogism are not concerned, their reason will be considered, and using the content of Holy Quran and the general rules of reasoning such as the "cohesion of hypotheticals ", this sort of syllogisms will be converted to a validated syllogism. So, it is proved that the general rules of thinking have been respected in Quran as a book for human guidance which has been revealed in human language.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References in Arabic / Persian
* Koran (translated by Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi)
Ansari, A. (1371 SH). Tafsir-i Adabi va ‘Erfani az Kashf al-Asrar (a literary and mystical commentary on Kashf al-Asrar) (two volumes in one). Tehran: Iqbal. 8th ed. 
Azhei, M. A. (1385 SH). Mabani-i Mantiq (the foundations of logic). Tehran: Samt. 6th ed. 
Fakhr Razi, M. (1386 SH). Tafsir Kabir (Mafatih al-Ghayb). Translated by Ali Asghar Hilli. Tehran: Asatir Publications. 2nd ed. 
Fakhr Razi. M. (1420 AH). Al-Tafsir al-Kabir (Mafatih al-Ghayb), vol. 32. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-‘Arabi. 
Ghazali, M. (1354 SH). Kimiya-i Sa‘adat (the alchemy of happiness). Compiled by Hossein Khudyo Jam. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahami-i Ketabha-i Jibi. 
Hilli, Y. (Allamah Hilli).(1370 SH). Al-Jowhar al-Nadhid. Translated by Manouchehr Sanei Darre Beydi. Tehran: Hekmat Publications. 3rd ed. 
Ibn Muskway, A. R. (1384 SH). Tahzib al-Akhlaq wa Tat-hir al-A‘raq. Qom: Zahedi Publications. 7th ed. 
Javadi Amoli, A. (1375 SH). Rahiq Makhtum (part two of volume one). Qom: Isra. 
Javadi Amoli, A. (1383 SH). Tasnim, vol. 13. Qom: Isra. 
Javadi Amoli, A. (1384 SH). Falsafe-i Ilahi az Manzar-i Imam Redha (a. s. ) (Divine philosophy according to Imam Redha (a. s. )). Qom: Isra. 2nd ed. 
Javadi Amoli, A. (1390 SH). Qur’an dar Qur’an (the Koran in the Koran). Qom: Isra. 10th ed. 
Mabidi, R. D. (1393). Kashf al-Asrar wa ‘Uddat al-Abrar. Tehran: Amir Kabir. 9th ed. 
Makarem Shirazi, N. (1387 SH). Payam-i Imam Amir al-Mu’mineen (a. s. ). Qom: Imam Ali bin Abi Taleb Publications. 
Musavi Khomeini, R. (Imam Khomeini). (1373 SH). Adab al-Salat (the etiquettes of prayer). Tehran: Mu’assasa-i Tanzim va Nashr-i Athar-i Imam Khomeini. 4th ed. 
Qaramaleki, F. (1377 SH). Manteq 2. Tehran: Payam Nur University Press. 
Qazvini, N. D. (1998). Al-Shamsiyyah fi Qawa‘id al-Mantiqiyyah. Commentary by Mahdi Fadhlullah. Beirut: al-Markaz al-Thuqafi al-‘Arabi. 
Sharif Radhi. (1384 SH). Nahj al-Balagha (the peak of eloquence). Corrected by Subhi Saleh. Qom: Mu’assasa-i Dal al-Hadith al-‘Ilmiyyah al-Thaqafiyyah. 3rd ed. 
Shirazi, S. M. (Mulla Sadra). (1387 SH). Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim (a commentary of the Koran). Corrected by Muhammah Khwah=juy. Qom: Mohsen Bid Publications. 4th ed. 
Shirazi, S. M. (Mulla Sadra). (1981). Al-Hikmat Al Muta‘alyah fi-l-asfar al-‘aqliyya al-arba‘a (The Transcendent theosophy in the Four Journeys of the Intellect). Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-‘Arabi. 
Suhrawardi, S. D. (1373 SH). Majmu‘a-i Athar (a collection of works), vol. 1. Tehran: Pazhuheshgah-i ‘Ulum-i Ensani va Mutale‘at-i Farhangi. 2nd ed. 
Surabadi, A. N. (1381 SH). Tafsir-i Surabadi, vol. 3. Tehran: Farhang-i Nashr-i No. 
Tabatabai, M. H. (1376 SH). Al-Mizan. Translated vy Seyed Muhammad Baqer Musavi Hamedani. Qom: Jamiat Mudarresin. 
Tabatabai, M. H. (1416 AH). Bidayat al-Hikmah. Qom: Jamiat Mudarresin. 16th ed. 
Tusi, M. (1355 SH). Asas al-Iqtibas. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. 2nd ed. 
Tusi, M. (n. d. ). Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-‘Arabi.
CAPTCHA Image