A Study of the Capacities of Intensity Science in Ibn Sina's Thought

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant professor of philosophy and theology, University of Shiraz. Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

The reduction of the field of science to the limits of experience from the eighteenth century and the monopoly of its methods and tools in quantification and material senses, as well as the use of reason as a concept, has limited the scope of human beings; in such a way that the attainment of indulgence was increasingly considered as his goal in the material world. The purpose of this article is to provide another definition of science by considering the courts of Ibn Sina’s (Avicenna) philosophy in the fields of ontology, anthropology, epistemology, and methodology; a definition that fits the principle of human end and happiness. Comparing the components of the above-mentioned vertices in Ibn Sina's philosophy, science finds an intensifying range from the second level (sensory cognition) to the highest level (Frost science) and each time in comparison to the levels of love. And happiness corresponds with this; in such a way that man becomes more in love and closer to ultimate happiness by intensifying his knowledge. Intensification science, with the permission of multiple understandings, closes the way to the monologue logic of dogmatism, and on the other hand, according to the monotheistic system in Ibn Sina's philosophy, it never leads to unbridled relativity and skepticism arising from the new hermeneutics.
According to thinkers in this field, a definition of science that is appropriate to Muslim societies should have several characteristics and these characteristics are not discussed at all in experimental science: It should:

Have a divine origin.
Have a longitudinal, not transverse, view of the hierarchy of existence; because neglecting the longitudinal hierarchy leads to neglecting the fit between metaphysics and physics, in which case metaphysics is either marginalized or considered ineffective on physics.
Be based on discovering the truth and not just material usefulness.
Its language is sometimes cryptic and symbolic and is not limited to the dictionary of mathematics and statistics.

Now that we see these characteristics clearly in the ontology, anthropology, and epistemology of Muslim philosophers, including Ibn Sina, we seek to answer the following question: How can Ibn Sina, as a Muslim philosopher, deduce another meaning of science? The findings of this study are summarized as follows:
Love has many levels, and each of these levels corresponds to different levels of human happiness. On the other hand, the level of human happiness is completely in line with the level of human perception. This includes multiple levels, from the lowest to the highest. That is, sensory perception - which is the lowest kind of perception - corresponds perfectly to the lowest kind of love as well as the lowest kind of happiness. This type of science is called intensification science and unlike experimental science, it does not limit and confine science only in the field of experience.
Thus, the science of intensification in the school of Ibn Sina has characteristics that are appropriate to the life of Muslim societies; because in the coordinates of this science, the system of existence has a longitudinal hierarchy and in this hierarchy, transcendence is the source of beings and true happiness is achieved by reaching and maximum likeness to it by passing the levels of sense and appearance. By discussing the true happiness of human beings in the science of intensity, unlike empirical science, the absurdity of life is reduced and its meaning is increased, and it is by the promotion of this science that true happiness is achieved; something that empirical science can never do.
 
 

Keywords


Avicenna (Ibn Sina).  (1984). Mabdaʾ va Maʿad [origin and resurrection]. Tehran: Mutaleʿat-i Islami Institute.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1980). Resaʾil. Qom: Bidar.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1983). Al- Isharat wa al-Tanbihat [Remarks and Admonitions], 3 vols.  (Commenatry by Tusi, N. D.). Tehran: Al-Ketab Publishing Office. 2nd ed.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1985a). Al-Shifaʾ al-Tabiʿiyyat; al-Fan al-Sadis: an-Nafs. (Foreword and research by Madkour, I.). Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library Publications.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1985b). Risalat Adhawiyya [treatise of addition]. Khayo Kham, H., Ed., foreword, and comments]. Tehran: Ittelaʿat Publications.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1985c). Mantiq al-Mashriqiyyin [the logic of the Orientalists]. Qom, Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library Publications.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1991). Risalat al-Tair. (Commentary by Sahlan, O.). ; (Compiled by Akbari, H.). Tehran: Al-Zahra Publications.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1992). Al-Mubahithat [discussions]. Qom: Bidarfar Publications.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (1994). Burhan al-Shifaʾ. (Qawam Safari, M., Trans.). Tehran: Fekr-i Rooz Publications. [In Persian].
Avicenna (Ibn Sina). (2011). Ilahiyat az Kitab-i Shifaʾ [theology from the Book of Healing]. (Dadju, I., Trans.). Tehran: Amir Kabir. [In Persian].
Avicenna (Ibn Sina).(1957). Risalat Hayy b. Yaqdan [Hayy b. Yaqdan's treatises]. (Sanndaji, B. D., Trans.). Sanandaj: Ferdowsi Printing House. [In Persian].
Bidhendi, M. (2014). Dar Amadi bar Falsafe-yi Ilm-i Wujudi-yi Mulla Sadra [an Introduction to Mulla Sadra’s philosophy of existential science]. Rahbord. 23(71), 195-216.
Corben, H. (2008). Ibn Sina va Tamthil-i ʿIrfani [Ibn Sina and mystical allegory]. Tehran: Jami Publications.
Ghanei, R. & Hosseini, H. (2015). Challenges of Modern Science from the Perspective of Dr. Nasr. Philosophy of Science. 5(9), 101-112. Hashempour, A. & Bidhendi, M. (2020). Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra’s Views on Capacities of Intensificational Knowledge. Philosophy and Kalam. 53(2), 543-567. Doi: 10.22059/jitp.2020.299377.523191.
Hasanzade Amoli, H. (1993). Insan-i Kamil az Didgah-i Nahjul Balagha [the perfect human being from the perspective of the Nahj al-Balaghah]. Tehran: Qiyam.
Ibn Qofti, J.D. (1992). Tarikh al-Hukamaʾ Qufti [history of the Coptic philosophers]. Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Mazaheri, Z. & Kazem Alawi, S. M. (2009). Traditional and Modern Sciences. Quarterly Journal of History of Civilization and Jurisprudence. 6(21), 131-155.
Nasr, H. (2009). Islam-i Sunnati dar Dunyay-yi Mutajadded [Traditional Islam in the Modern World]. (Salehi, M., Trans.). Tehran: Suhravardi. [In Persian].
CAPTCHA Image