Chain of Reasoning Connection and the Problem of Incommensurability of Scientific Theories

Document Type : Research Paper

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Philosophy Department, Faculty of Divinity, Political Science and Law, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University

10.22091/jptr.2024.10018.2961

Abstract

In this article, we examine and evaluate Dudley Shapere’s solution to the problem of semantic incommensurability, specifically the chain of reasoning connection. Firstly, we review incommensurability and its types according to Thomas Kuhn’s point of view. Then, we explain semantic incommensurability in detail. Before addressing Shapere’s solution to the problem of incommensurability, we review his views on the history and philosophy of science. We then introduce the theory of causal reference and Shapere’s criticisms of it to explain the idea of the chain of reasoning connection and its role in solving the problem of semantic incommensurability. We see how arguments that have their origins in existing theory create a link between existing theory and alternative theory, providing the possibility of commensurability between the vocabulary and terminology of existing theory and alternative theory. Finally, we present two historical examples to show what problems the chain of reasoning solution faces. We also show how Shapere’s argument against essentialism confronts a problem.

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Journal of Philosophical Theological Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 28 June 2024

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