Classification of Challenges and Solutions in Practical Theology: A Three-Level Approach (Meta-theoretical, Theoretical, and Practical)

Bagheri, Hosein; Kavandi, Sahar; Hoseinzadeh, Morteza

doi:10.22091/jptr.2026.14073.3401

Classification of Challenges and Solutions in Practical Theology: A Three-Level Approach (Meta-theoretical, Theoretical, and Practical)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ PhD Candidate in Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

² Professor of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan,, Zanjan, Iran

10.22091/jptr.2026.14073.3401

Abstract

This study systematically classifies the challenges and solutions in practical theology within a three-level framework: meta-theoretical, theoretical, and practical. Despite developments since Schleiermacher, practical theology lacks an integrated framework addressing interconnected challenges across these levels. Using a descriptive-analytical and comparative-critical method, the research examines key definitions and four approaches: pastoral, social studies-based, theory-centered, and reformist. Findings reveal profound transformations: expansion from ecclesial to social contexts, a shift from applicative to critical-reflective methods based on religious praxis, and increased attention to socio-cultural dimensions. The classification shows that meta-theoretical challenges (modernity, hermeneutical crisis) shape foundational presuppositions; theoretical challenges (interaction with human sciences) create methodological tensions needing interdisciplinary solutions; and practical challenges (clergy education, institutional reforms) demand context-sensitive interventions. The study’s main contribution is demonstrating the dialectical interconnection among these levels: revising epistemological presuppositions enables interdisciplinary methodologies, which facilitate practical reforms in clergy education. Solutions include linking religious narratives to contemporary issues, using social sciences to understand social structures, developing effective communication skills, and creatively employing new technologies in religious education.

Keywords