Reexamining Ibn Sīnā's Proof of al-Ṣiddīqīn: A Defense of the Avicennian Formulation Against the Critiques of Transcendent Philosophy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

10.22091/jptr.2026.15280.3508

Abstract

The Proof of al-Ṣiddīqīn , as the most solid proof of God's existence in Islamic philosophy and theology, has attracted significant attention since its inception, and various formulations of it have been presented. Since Mullā Ṣadrā, his formulation gained widespread fame and acceptance, whereas that of its founder, Ibn Sīnā, faced serious criticisms from Mullā Ṣadrā and his followers. The central question of the present research is whether Ibn Sīnā's formulation fulfills the criteria of the Proof of al-Ṣiddīqīn . This study, aiming to defend the originality and sufficiency of Ibn Sīnā's formulation and employing an analytical method based on a library-based examination of primary texts, has undertaken an analysis of this issue. The findings indicate that the criticisms raised against Ibn Sīnā's formulation can be refuted with solid textual evidence from his works. The present study demonstrates that Ibn Sīnā's proof satisfies the four criteria of the Proof of al-Ṣiddīqīn . His formulation not only bears no fundamental difference from Mullā Ṣadrā’s version, but it can also be regarded as an authentic and acceptable precursor to the Proof of al-Ṣiddīqīn in the fifth century AH.

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Journal of Philosophical Theological Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 07 May 2026

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