A Comparative Analysis of "The Rule of Assisting in Sin" and the "Component of Inclusiveness" in " The Demandingness of Morality "

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 A graduate of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Department of Islamic Philosophy, Ferdowsi University Mashhad, Iran,

3 Department of Philosophy, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

10.22091/jptr.2026.15245.3518

Abstract

The problem of " Demandingness of Morality" delineates the boundary between personal interests and moral obligations. It is structured around three key components: inclusiveness, intensity, and priority, giving rise to maximalist, minimalist, and moderate approaches. This paper focuses on inclusiveness, within which two crucial distinctions are made: doing versus allowing harm, and intentional versus unintentional acts. The jurisprudential-ethical rule of "assisting in sin" (iʿāna ʿalā al-ithm) offers a powerful framework for analyzing these distinctions and clarifying the scope of inclusiveness. This rule addresses an individual's participation in and responsibility for the wrongful acts of others, asserting that moral responsibility is not limited to one's own direct actions but extends to the actions of others. Applying this rule to the component of inclusiveness shows that it supports a moderate approach: it accepts social responsibility while avoiding the trap of excessive moral demands. Thus, the rule of assisting in sin reinforces the moderate stance in determining the Demandingness of Morality.

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Journal of Philosophical Theological Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 12 July 2026

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