The Architecture of Objective Subjectivity: The Organization of the World as Rational Truth through the Deduction of Logical Concepts from the Subjective World in philosophy of Avicenna

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD in philosophy from Tabriz University

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Kurdistan

Abstract

The fundamental question of the present study is: How does Avicenna explain the transformation of the chaotic and unstable "phenomenal world" into the stability and order of the "rational world"? Using a descriptive-analytical method and referring to Avicenna’s primary texts, the authors seek to offer a novel interpretation of this ancient philosophy. By examining Avicenna’s own formulations, they demonstrate how he begins with the human subject to refer the phenomenal world to a rational order. By deducing universal and necessary elements from within the phenomenal relations residing in the perceptual "I", he transitions toward an objective structure. This process provides a possibility for resolving the traditional paradox between realism and subjectivism by introducing the concept of "Subjective Realism." Accordingly, knowledge is a multi-stage process starting from the singularity and atomic nature of sensory perception. By centering the faculties of Common Sense, Retentive Imagination (Khayal), and Estimation (Wahm), it facilitates the composition and constitution of singular objects within the guise of the phenomenal world. Subsequently, as the Intellect (Aql) enters the epistemological field, it abstracts rational simples from these singular elements, thereby bestowing a rational organization upon the phenomenal world within the rational realm.

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Journal of Philosophical Theological Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 September 2026

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