نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه شیعهشناسی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه شیعهشناسی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This article critically examines Western Orientalist scholarship on the doctrine of infallibility ('iṣmah) in Imāmī Shīʿa theology, focusing specifically on how these scholars have addressed the relationship between infallibility and free will/determinism. Employing an analytical-critical and comparative methodology, the study systematically distinguishes between (a) free will and determinism in "infallibility from sin" versus "infallibility from error, forgetfulness, and oversight," and (b) free will and determinism in "attaining the station of infallibility" versus "the infallible's actions under infallibility." The findings reveal that while scholars such as Donaldson, McDermott, Schmidtke, and Madelung have presented relatively accurate depictions of the mainstream Imāmī position, others including Hollister, Momen, and Pinault have offered incomplete explanations that implicitly suggest a deterministic understanding. Paul Walker's analysis contains a fundamental confusion regarding the nature of divine grace (lutf) and its relationship to the perpetuation of infallibility. The study also identifies that Donaldson, despite accurately reporting al-ʿAllāma al-Majlisī's views, failed to present his definitive position on relevant traditions. The article demonstrates that Imāmī theologians consistently affirm the preservation of free will in both the attainment and exercise of infallibility, utilizing arguments based on desert of reward, obligation (taklīf), and divine commendation.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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